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Machine Learning · Learn / Refresh

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Prepare · ML-W04 · 18–25 MIN

Encode categories without inventing order

Preserve a reusable categorical schema.

Exercises within this concept

  1. FollowRead and run the PythonCurrent exercise
  2. ChangeAdapt the Python
  3. PractiseReason about the Python
  4. TransferAdapt the Python

Understand the idea

One-hot encoding creates indicator columns. Unknown categories must not change the fitted schema. Binary flags, measured numbers and named categories carry different meanings.

Preserve a reusable categorical schema.Servicestandardexpresseconomystandard100express010economy001Named categories become aligned indicator columns.
Schematic · Preserve a reusable categorical schema.Scroll the diagram horizontally if needed.

Python skill: An unseen category produces zeros in that feature’s learned indicator columns instead of refitting the schema.

Meet the syntax

OneHotEncoder(handle_unknown='ignore', sparse_output=False)
encoder.get_feature_names_out()
handle_unknown='ignore'
An unseen category produces zeros in that feature’s learned indicator columns instead of refitting the schema.
sparse_output=False
Returns a dense array for these small examples.
OneHotEncoder
Learns named category indicators without assigning a numeric ordering.
encoder.get_feature_names_out()
Reads indicator names in the learned output-column order.

Follow the code

Use the numbered comments to connect each Python block to the workflow above.

from sklearn.preprocessing import OneHotEncoder
encoder=OneHotEncoder(handle_unknown='ignore',sparse_output=False).fit(X_train[['service']])
answer=encoder.transform(X_train[['service']])

This practice: Read and run the Python. Next: Change · Encode categories without inventing order.

Given data · MIX60

60 observations. One synthetic delivery observation generated for practice. The dataframe df is supplied afresh for each Run.

MIX60 · first 8 prepared rows
distanceweightserviceweekendduration
15.70526.75035standard061.7704
9.338694.81674express135.1694
17.31345.73931economy059.0766
14.257.69699standard156.5785
2.789376.42024express019.5577
19.53685.62508economy177.0289
15.46175.68023standard056.8109
15.93523.17871express152.08

Column meanings and units

Distance, weight and duration use the fixture’s numeric units; no kilometres, kilograms, minutes or other physical units are specified. RMSE is reported in the same synthetic duration units as the target.

These deterministic teaching observations do not describe real deliveries. Service effects and the alternating weekend flag are built into the generated response; they do not establish real-world causal effects.

distancefloat64
Numeric delivery-distance inputUnit / values: Synthetic distance units; physical unit unspecified
weightfloat64
Numeric parcel-weight inputUnit / values: Synthetic weight units; physical unit unspecified
servicestr
Delivery-service categoryUnit / values: standard / express / economy
weekendint64
Binary weekend input, alternating in the fixtureUnit / values: 0 / 1 indicator
durationfloat64
Numeric delivery-duration targetUnit / values: Synthetic duration units; physical unit unspecified
Supplied setup · available if you need to inspect it

This code runs before your editor on every Run. These are the objects your exercise uses.

from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split
X = df[['distance','weight','service','weekend']]
y = df['duration']
X_train,X_test,y_train,y_test=train_test_split(X,y,test_size=.2,random_state=42)

Your task · Follow

Fit an encoder to training service values and transform them.

Hint 1 — Think

Named service categories need indicators, not invented distances between codes.

Hint 2 — Tools

OneHotEncoder with a fixed unknown-category policy.

Hint 3 — Approach

Fit the service schema from training values and inspect the dense transformed array.

Explained solution
from sklearn.preprocessing import OneHotEncoder
encoder=OneHotEncoder(handle_unknown='ignore',sparse_output=False).fit(X_train[['service']])
answer=encoder.transform(X_train[['service']])

The learned indicator columns represent membership without imposing an ordering on service names.

Helpful prior knowledge: Learn a scale from training rows These links are guidance, not locks.

Sources and API context

Examples run with this Playground’s scikit-learn 1.4.2 / Pyodide 0.26.4 runtime.

Your task · Follow

Fit an encoder to training service values and transform them.

answer

Ctrl/⌘+Enter: Run · Tab: indent · Esc then Tab: leave editor

Python loads when you run. Code and results stay in this activity only.

Run your code to inspect its output. Check uses that same run.